精選答案1.aid,help,assist
用作動詞均可表"幫助".
aid為正式用詞,help最常用。
assist最正式,表示協(xié)助某人做某事,尤指在體力上或具體事務(wù)上幫助和扶持。如:She employed a woman to assist her with the housework. (她雇了一名婦女幫她做家務(wù)。)
2.alive,living,live
alive 指雖有死的可能,但仍活著,一般只作表語。
living可用于人或物,作定語時可前可后。
live只做前置定語,用于動物和個別事物前。
3.almost,nearly
一般說來,almost比nearly 表示的意思更接近"開始"、"完成" (目標(biāo))等。
在all,every,always 前,兩者都可用。如:He is almost (nearly)smoking. (他幾乎每天抽煙。)
almost可同never,no,nobody,none,nothing 連用,而nearly卻不能。如:Almost no one believed her. (幾乎沒人相信他。)
4.alone,lonely
alone只表"獨(dú)自"的客觀狀態(tài),沒有感情色彩,只作表語;lonely表"孤獨(dú)",:"寂寞",能作定語和表語。如:When she is left alone, she feels lonely. (剩下她一人時她就感到寂寞。)
alone,only均可表"只有",但alone須置于被修飾詞之后,only往往置于被修飾詞前。如:He alone (only he) can remember the story. (只有他才能記起這段經(jīng)歷。)
5.already,all ready
already已經(jīng)(副詞)。如:The plane had already landed before we got to the airport.
all ready準(zhǔn)備好的(作表語)。如:We were all ready to leave when the telephone rang.
6.alter,change
作不及物動詞時,兩者可通用。
作及物動詞時,alter是對局部,表面的改變,而change則是對本質(zhì)的,全面的,徹底的改變。如:Can you alter the dress?(你會改做這件衣服嗎?)Can you change the dress?(你能給我更換這件衣服嗎?)
7.altogether,all together
altogether總計,總共。如:Altogether there are six of us. (我們總計六人。)
all together 全都在一起。如:We played the game all together. (我們大家都一起來玩游戲吧。)
8.amaze,astonish,surprise
都可作及物動詞,意思相近,一般都是以事物作主語,人稱作賓語。
amaze強(qiáng)調(diào)"使驚訝",有時還有"驚嘆","佩服"等意。
astonish表示"使大吃一驚","幾乎使人無法相信"之意。
surprise只表"出乎意料之外".
9.among,between
among 在……中間(三者或三者以上之間)。如:Our house is hidden among trees.
between在兩者之間。如:It is easy to distinguish between a Japanese and a Chinese.
10.announce,declare
announce指宣布公眾期望或與公眾有關(guān)的事情,含有預(yù)告的意味。如:The government announced that they would pay their debts. (政府宣布將償還債務(wù)。)
declare指正式負(fù)責(zé)地宣布,聲明,通常用于莊重的場合。如:The judge declared him guilty.(法官宣布他有罪。)
12.annoy,bother,trouble,disturb
annoy指外界的干擾令人討厭或無法忍受,或指某人故意去妨礙別人。
bother打擾,麻煩,指給人行動帶來不便或身心上帶來痛苦。如:May I trouble you with a few questions?
disturb打擾,擾亂,指使正常秩序或一時的安定受到破壞,精力一時不能集中。如:I am sorry to disturb you.
13.answer,reply,respond
用作動詞,都可表"回答","答復(fù)".
answer是常用詞,后可接letter(回信),question(回答問題),doorbell(開門),telephone(接電話),advertisement(應(yīng)征廣告)等。
reply較正式,一般只作不及物動詞,可與to連用。如:He has replied to my letter.(他回答了我信中提的問題。)
respond作"回答"解,用得較少,也同to 搭配。如:He quickly responded to the question. (他很快就回答了問題。)
另外,respond還可表"對……反應(yīng)","響應(yīng)".
14. appreciate,enjoy
appreciate指對事物有深刻的理解能力并能鑒賞。
enjoy是一般用語,僅指感官或智力上的滿足,"享受"的意味較強(qiáng)。
15. approve,prove
approve(1)贊成,同意。如:I don't approve of wasting time.(我不贊成浪費(fèi)時間。)
(2)批準(zhǔn),通過。如:The minister approved the building plan. 部長批準(zhǔn)了建筑計劃。
prove和approve詞形相似,prove是"證明","表明是"等。
16. argue,debate,dispute
argue著重"說理","論證","企圖說明",且后可接that引導(dǎo)的從句。
debate著重雙方各自陳述理由,尤其是"公開地"、"正式地"辯論。如:The subject was hotly debated.
dispute著重就分歧進(jìn)行熱烈的"爭論",含有"相持不下"或"未得到解決"的意味。如:He disputed with his wife on household expenses.
17. arise,rise,raise
arise表無形的東西(如困難,問題等)"出現(xiàn)","發(fā)生".
rise指具體事物的"上升","升起",也是不及物動詞。如:The sun rises in the east.(太陽從東邊升起。)
raise為及物動詞,"使……上升","舉起"等。如:He raised his hand.(他舉了手。)
18. assure,ensure,insure
assure以十分肯定的語氣向別人保證某事一定會發(fā)生,后需連用人稱代詞或指人的名詞作賓語。
ensure表普通的"保證".
insure表"保險",有時同ensure可以換用。
19. awake,wake,waken
都可作動詞。
awake既可及物,也可不及物,多用于比喻。
wake常指"睡醒",多為不及物動詞。
waken多用作及物動詞,常指"吵醒","驚醒".
20. await,wait
await是及物動詞。如:I await your further instructions.
wait"等"、"等候",是不及物動詞,后常接介詞for.如:I will wait for you at the school gate.
21. award,prize,reward
award,reward作動詞。award意為"授予(獎品,獎金等)",后面可跟雙賓語;reward意為"報酬","酬謝",只能跟人或以人的行為作賓語。
award,prize,reward作名詞時,award常指獎金,獎品;prize多指在競賽、競爭中獲勝所贏得的獎;reward則指為某項(xiàng)勞動或行為所付的酬金。